Motor Applications in Fully Automated Biochemical Analyzers

1. Component Overview

The fully automated biochemical analyzer is one of the core devices in modern medical laboratories, widely used for the automatic analysis of biochemical indicators in blood, urine, and other bodily fluids. It has a sophisticated and complex structure, which consists of the following components:

• Sample Transfer System: Composed of the test tube rack conveyor, robotic arm, and turntable, it achieves automatic identification, grabbing, and transfer of sample bottles.
• Reagent Dispensing System: Includes multi-channel precision liquid pumps, positioning devices, and reagent bottle platforms for accurate addition of various reaction reagents.
• Reaction System: Contains a constant temperature bath, micro reaction cups, and stirrers to maintain a stable and sufficient reaction environment.
• Detection System: A photometric colorimetric detection module analyzes the sample parameters based on the absorbance of the reaction liquid.
• Cleaning/Waste Liquid System: Automatically cleans the reaction cups and recycles waste liquid, preventing cross-contamination.
• Control System: Based on a PLC or embedded microprocessor, it coordinates the actions of all components and interfaces with the hospital's LIS system.

2. Working Principle

After the instrument is powered on, the motors drive the sample transfer system to deliver the sample bottles to the sampling position. The robotic arm then positions itself and aspirates a fixed volume of sample into the reaction cup. Next, the reagent pump system accurately adds the corresponding reagent. The reaction cup is then sent into the constant temperature area, where the motor controls the stirring device to promote the reaction. After the reaction, the detection module begins colorimetric analysis and records the data. Upon completion, the reaction cup is sent to the cleaning system, where a stepper or servo motor drives a rotating platform for cleaning and drying. The entire device relies on multiple motors working in coordination to achieve high-precision actions such as transfer, positioning, liquid dispensing, and stirring, enabling the automated, efficient, and batch processing of samples.

3. Key Role of Motors in the System

Fully automated biochemical analyzers place extremely high demands on motor performance, which is critical in the following areas:

• Precise Positioning Control: Actions such as sample transfer and reagent positioning rely on high-resolution stepper motors or servo motors, with precision often required to be within 0.01mm.
• Stable Low-Speed Output: Stirring and reaction cup transfer systems often operate at low speeds with high precision. The motors must have exceptional speed stability and minimal vibration.
• Quiet and Low-Vibration Design: The medical environment requires equipment to operate quietly, and motor selection must focus on noise control and vibration reduction.
• Multi-Axis Coordinated Operation: The control system needs to coordinate the actions of more than ten motors (such as sampling, reagent addition, detection, and cleaning). The motors must have strong responsiveness and synchronization capabilities.
• Long Lifespan and Low Maintenance: The device needs to run for extended periods (8-16 hours daily), and the motors must be durable, reliable, and require minimal maintenance.
• Corrosion Resistance and Cleanliness Design: Motor housings must be corrosion-resistant, dustproof, and waterproof (recommended IP65 or higher), to withstand environments with acidic and alkaline reagents, and meet high cleanliness standards in laboratory settings.

4. Customized Motor Solutions

To address the extreme precision and stability requirements of biochemical analyzers, we offer motor system solutions specially designed for medical analytical equipment. The transfer system is recommended to use the GPG-MS60 series closed-loop stepper motors, with built-in encoders and reducers to achieve sub-millimeter positioning accuracy and stable thrust, suitable for sample grabbing and rail sliding modules. The reagent dispensing system should use the GPG-SV50 micro servo motor, which has a response time of less than 20ms, ensuring quick and accurate liquid dispensing. For the stirring system, we use the GPG-BLDC24 brushless DC motor, which provides smooth output, low noise, and maintenance-free operation, ideal for uniform mixing of high-speed micro reaction cups. The cleaning unit uses the GPG-MI35 micro stepper motor to achieve precise control of the rotating cleaning platform. All motors support CANopen or RS485 communication, facilitating centralized system control and fault diagnostics.

The motor bodies are specially treated with anti-corrosion coatings, and some models can be optionally equipped with stainless steel shafts and sealed structures to effectively prevent chemical corrosion and dust infiltration, ensuring long-term stable operation of the instrument. This integrated solution ensures high efficiency and precision in medical diagnostics, providing reliable results for healthcare professionals.