Motor Applications in AGV/AMR Mobile Robots

1. Component Structure

AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) and AMRs (Autonomous Mobile Robots) are core handling units in smart logistics and flexible manufacturing. They typically consist of the following major modules:

Chassis System: Includes the frame, suspension, battery bay, and protective covers, supporting all core components and providing a solid, stable platform.

Drive System: Composed of hub motors or servo motors with reduction gearboxes. It directly powers the wheels for forward, reverse, and turning—serving as the core power unit for movement.

Navigation & Positioning: Incorporates LiDAR, vision modules, IMU, and UWB to calculate real-time coordinates and orientation, enabling accurate path tracking and obstacle avoidance.

Control System: Includes the main controller, motion controller, and motor drivers. It handles path planning, motion logic, task scheduling, and communication with higher-level systems.

Power System: Utilizes high-density lithium battery packs with a Battery Management System (BMS) to power the motors, control systems, and sensors.

Safety & Communication: Equipped with emergency stops, collision detection, anti-fall sensors, safety LiDARs, and wireless communication (Wi-Fi/5G) to ensure safety and system interaction.

2. Working Principle

The core operation of AGVs/AMRs follows a closed-loop process of "perception-decision-execution":

Navigation systems use technologies like SLAM, QR/magnetic/vision-based navigation to scan the environment, determine position and orientation, and plan optimal routes.

The control system calculates wheel parameters (velocity, angular speed) and sends motor commands via pulses or analog signals to initiate motion.

During operation, motors adjust speed and torque based on feedback, enabling precise straight movement, rotation, and turns for complex maneuvers.

Sensors monitor surroundings and conditions in real time. On detecting obstacles, inclines, or boundaries, the system auto-adjusts or stops for safety.

Compared to AGVs, AMRs offer greater autonomy with on-the-fly mapping (SLAM), dynamic path planning, and environment adaptation, used in warehousing, production, and delivery.

3. Motor Roles in the System

Motors are critical for motion, steering, and dynamic control. Their performance defines overall efficiency, stability, and responsiveness:

Core Drive: Motors directly or indirectly drive wheels, delivering precise displacement and rotation. They must offer high starting torque, low noise, and long life for repeated start-stop use.

Differential & Omnidirectional Motion: Multi-motor systems coordinate outputs for differential steering or omnidirectional movement (e.g., mecanum or omni wheels).

Dynamic Speed Adjustment: Paired with closed-loop control, servo or brushless motors enable smooth acceleration, deceleration, and braking—enhancing transport safety.

Energy Efficiency: Efficient motor design with low-loss algorithms extends runtime and reduces power consumption.

Robustness & Reliability: Industrial-grade motors offer strong EMC and environmental tolerance for dusty, humid, and extreme conditions.

Feedback Control: Encoders provide real-time position and speed data for closed-loop regulation and precision movement.

4. Customized Motor Solutions

To meet complex AGV/AMR demands, we offer modular motor drive solutions tailored from chassis design to control integration:

Custom Drive Motor Matching:

• For heavy-duty forklifts and outdoor AMRs: use high-torque BLDC motors (GPG-BL/BL+ series) with planetary gearboxes for power and impact resistance.
• For lightweight/high-speed AGVs like sorters or tote movers: compact servo motors (GPG-G/GE series) with encoders support precise speed control and quick start-stop.
• For omnidirectional chassis: multi-motor kits with differential algorithms ensure coordinated motion and agile turning.

Integrated Motor-Control Systems:

• All-in-one motor+controller+encoder modules simplify wiring and integration.
• Supports major industrial protocols (CANopen, RS485, EtherCAT) for easy system integration.
• Built-in brake, holding, and overload protection functions ensure safety.

Environmental Adaptation & Design:

• Custom IP65+ ratings, heat resistance, and low-backlash output shafts.
• Non-standard flange, shaft, and wiring interface support to fit various platforms.

Debugging & Co-Development Support:

• Motion libraries and tuning tools help optimize path control.
• Remote monitoring, OTA updates, and log tracking enhance maintenance and management.

With flexible configurations and precise performance matching, we help clients build stable, accurate, intelligent AGV/AMR platforms for warehousing, manufacturing, and healthcare logistics.